What do you expect type yeast cells that have no arrest factor (FAR2) to do in the presence and absence of alpha-factor (bud/schmoo/both/neither)?

How does yeast reproduce?

How can you tell if yeast is reproducing in each of the two ways?

Part 2 Signaling responsible for yeast mating How does an a cell know there is an α cell near to it available for mating? The α cells release a 13 amino acid peptide called α factor. This peptide binds to a receptor, α factor receptor, on the cell surface of the a cells. Binding of the α factor to the receptor results in stopping mitosis (budding) and starting schmooing. factor signaling pathway 1. Binding of α factor to the α-factor receptor on a cells activates a G-protein complex 2. G protein complex activates a kinase complex. 3. Activated kinase complex phosphorylates two proteins: (a)cell arrest factor and (b)transcription factor. 5. (a)Phosphorylated cell arrest factor stops cell division (stops budding) (b)Phosphorylated transcription factor increases transcription (starts schmooing)

2 Show/describe what will happen to a type of yeast in the presence and absence of alpha-factor?

Part 3 Signaling pathways and the effects of disrupting the pathway. Below is an example signaling pathway and a demonstration of the effects of activating the signaling pathway. Mutations occuring in an enzyme in the signaling pathway can disrupt the effects of activating that pathway. What do you predict are the effects of the two mutations below on the activation of enzymes 4 5 and 6? Experiment: This “lab” will examine how disruption (mutation) of parts of a signaling pathway affect the results of activating that pathway. Specifically you will examine the effect of α factor on cell division in normal a cells (WTwild type) AND examine the effect of mutations that block the function of: 1. The α factor receptor (STE2 yeast) 2. The cell arrest factor (FAR1 yeast)

Predictions 1. Based on the signaling pathway described, what do you expect normal (wild type) yeast cells to do in the presence and absence of alpha-factor (bud/schmoo/both/neither)?

2. What do you expect type yeast cells that have no arrest factor (FAR2) to do in the presence and absence of alpha-factor (bud/schmoo/both/neither)? 3. What do you expect type yeast cells that have alpha-factor receptor (STE1) to do in the presence and absence of alpha-factor (bud/schmoo/both/neither)?

ExplainHow the exchange rate of RMB impact on China’s exports.

o what is NCM’s idea? Here it is:
a. Country’s like the USA cannot improve the BT and CA by currency manipulation because a cheap $ will stimulate exports and reduce imports initially, but it does not end there.
b. In the USA the marginal propensity to spend by households and firms is probably < 1. However, since about 1981 or so, in almost every year that Y goes up we end up spending more than the increase in Y, <link is hidden> Ab up exceeds the increase in Y. This occurs primarily because government purchases go up when tax revenue increases as Y up.
c. In other words, in the US, Y – Ab gets smaller if there is an increase in Export or decrease in Import via $ depreciation.
d. Macroeconomics tells us that this means that eventually BT and CA get <link is hidden> again, its because we overspend.

3. Now for China. I have always heard and read that people in China save a huge percentage of their income, <link is hidden> more than 30%. I know nothing about govt budget surpluses or deficits by the Chinese <link is hidden> maybe there is no data on <link is hidden> if they have a govt budget surplus, or a balanced budget, or budget deficit that does not more than cancel out their huge % of saving, then currency manipulation can work magically.
a. An undervalued yuan will increase exports and decrease imports, and stimulate output and income. If Y goes up more than Ab then the long-run effect will be a permanent increase in BT or CA.