Tag: College essay

Despite numerous similarities in basic cellular mechanisms, there are important differences between HSC of mice and humans in specific roles of transcription factors and cellular behavior such as cycling and DNA damage responses. Discuss

Despite numerous similarities in basic cellular mechanisms, there are important differences between HSC of mice and humans in specific roles of transcription factors and cellular behavior such as cycling and DNA damage responses. For instance, mouse HSC have been described as dividing once every 30–50 days whereas human HSC tend to be more quiescent, dividing every 175–350 days.  In humans, HSC and hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) do not express CD150, and CD48 is expressed by both HSC and HPC6. Human long term HSC activity resides in the CD34+CD38−lin- fraction of cord blood and bone marrow, which expresses the cytokine receptor Flt-3. Murine HSC on the other hand do not express either CD34 or Flt-3, and do express CD38. These immunophenotypic differences may signify functional differences in stem cell maintenance, differentiation, and microenvironmental interaction pathways, between murine and human hematopoiesis. CD150, a member of the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) family has been suggested to play a role in the maintenance of the murine HSC niche11 In mice, Flt-3 signaling is important for lymphopoiesis but not for HSC survival or myelopoiesis. Kit Ligand has been shown to be a more potent survival factor than Flt3 ligand in vitro for mouse bone marrow HSC, but the opposite appears to be true for human HSC.The species difference in the effects of cytokines on survival of HSC in vitro has important implications for the design of systems for ex vivo expansion and transduction of human HSC.

The science of toxicology is based on the principle that there is a relationship between a toxic reaction (the response) and the amount of poison received (the dose). The toxic effects on an organism are related to the amount of exposure. toxicity can ensue when exposure exceeds a certain dose and/or time. The normal therapeutic range of drug dosage is very narrow and the wider spectrum of acute toxic effects can only be studied in cases of overdosage. toxicity occurred due to specific chemicals, and the body’s response to the chemicals depended on the dose. and conversely substances considered toxic can be less harmful or even beneficial at lower doses. Safe doses for a variety of chemicals in humans have been legally set.

Target selection: the process of selecting a single object from a field of multiple objects as the goal of a movement. To select a proposed research target, a range of issues need evaluation. Perhaps most important is what constitutes an improved medicine. Target selection in drug discovery — defined here as the decision to focus on finding an agent with a particular biological action that is anticipated to have therapeutic utility is influenced by a complex balance of scientific, medical and strategic considerations

Rip falls asleep when the American colonies are still ruled by England, but wakes, seemingly, to a new nation: how does his situation before and after his sleep parallel the changes that come to America?

Rip falls asleep when the American colonies are still ruled by England, but wakes, seemingly, to a new nation: how does his situation before and after his sleep parallel the changes that come to America? Consider especially the idea of freedom as it applies to Rip’s circumstances.

Do you think Aldo Leopolds Land Ethic or the indigenous land ethics weve read about can challenge the negative consequences of disembedding and our current mode of organizing economy and society?

What is disembedding (as described by Capek)? What does it have to do with the structures created within capitalism? Do you think Aldo Leopolds Land Ethic or the indigenous land ethics weve read about can challenge the negative consequences of disembedding and our current mode of organizing economy and society? When describing our current mode of organizing economy and society, think about using environmental sociology concepts we learned about in class if you can (such as the double-edged nature of science from York, Treadmill of Production, Ecological Marxism, Risk Society etc).

Discuss the principal differences between Paleolithic and Neolithic societies.

Discuss the principal differences between Paleolithic and Neolithic societies. How do we see this manifest in the artifacts left behind by each?

 

  1. What cultural and technical innovations were made by the Sumerians? When we look at their artwhich is visually more complex than Prehistoric art–how can we tell that were seeing a greater degree of civilization?

 

  1. What is iconoclasm? Why is it done? Cite an example.

 

  1. What is the Code of Hammurabi? What does it tell us about kingship and religion in Mesopotamia? How do the artists use text and image to convey Hammurabis ideals?

 

  1. What do the Pyramid Texts of Egypt tell us about their ideas about death and salvation?