he European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization have both been agents of European integration in complementary ways. Explain.

Part A of the exam deals with integrative institutions. You should give special attention to:
•the European Court of Justice
•the European Central Bank
•the relationship between the EU and NATO as integrative institutions
•the role of the European Commission as an integrative institution, in particular the leadership of the President of the European Commission.

Part B of the exam challenges you to identify the topic of a quotation on an issue confronting the EU and to explain its importance to European integration in terms of the unity (or not) of a European Union that has become both institutionally deep and geographically wide.

Your answers:
Demonstrate in your answers your grasp of the working of integrative institutions. Give examples to illustrate your points either from the text (attached), or sources you find independently.

Trust your brain. Give me thoughtful answers, based on what you have heard, read, and understand, rather than answers based on what you think I want to hear.

Write short essays and cite sources if you want, but these are not research essays.

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Part A:Integration in Perspective. Answer any two.
1. As institutions of the European Union, the European Central Bank (ECB) and the European Court of Justice(ECJ) have been major vehicles of European integration. Explain with examples. S

2. The European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization have both been agents of European integration in complementary ways. Explain.

3. As President of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen, may be tempted to adopt a visionary agenda, like Jacques Delors, or act as a crisis-manager, like Jean-Claude Juncker. The choice, however, is not entirely hers to make. Explain.

Part B: The Crisis of the Moment Answer the following question.
The columnist below is writing about neither Brexit nor the EURO. What is he writing about,and what is his argument?

Ecotourism is a popular form of ‘new tourism’. Both Belize and Costa Rica are promoted as ‘ecotourists’ destinations. Do you agree with this characterization?

Ecotourism is a popular form of ‘new tourism’. Both Belize and Costa Rica are promoted as ‘ecotourists’ destinations. Do you agree with this characterization? Drawing on specific examples from these two countries(as presented in the textbook and lectures), write an essay that makes an argument about whether or not they are true ‘ecotourist’ destinations and why (or why not). Your essay should include/consider(not necessarily in this order):•A definition of ‘ecotourism’;•The positive and negative impacts of different forms of tourism in these two destinations, including ecological, socio-cultural, and economic impacts;•The roles played by different actors to support or undermine ecotourism in each of these destinations (including supranational institutions, government, industry, tourists, NGOs, and host communities);and•What these two destinations tell us about the opportunities and limitations of implementing ecotourism in practice