William Stuntz argues that immigration, crime, and politics in the late XIX and early XX centuries played an interrelated role that led to policies that still are in place and are claimed as efficient by policymakers. describe what are the main policy consequences of this interplay

William Stuntz argues in chapter I (marked as file “2-Collapse…”) that immigration, crime, and politics in the late XIX and early XX centuries played an interrelated role that led to policies that still are in place and are claimed as efficient by policymakers. Please describe what are the main policy consequences of this interplay in no less than a ½ page.

2) Economist Steven Levitt (you may have read the best-seller Freakonomics or seen a TV show based on his book), explains 10 factors that explain (or not) why the so-called American crime decline happened. In class, we discussed the issue of a constant tension or friction between evidence-based (science) policies and ideologically-driven (beliefs) policies. We argued that in a democracy pure science could be as bad as pure ideology. Is not a binary situation but a continuum and a matter of degrees. Using this article as inspiration and guidance, and using examples from it, please state your opinion in at least 5 of the factors Levitt discusses. Let me know if in your view and knowledge anything there, no matter if Levitt says it brought down crime or not, was used to inform criminal justice policies in the United States and/or New York. Aim at 1 page.

3) In class, we discussed how policies tend to be framed in a continuum of [safety –vs.— liberty]. Specifically, the CRJ related policies. At the same time, American public policy lives and embraces federalism in a way that is unique in the World. William Stuntz in part 2 (marked as file “3-Collapse-of…”) explains this well. After reviewing the material, please state your informed opinion of how federalism creates an additional layer of challenges to CRJ policy in gun control or marihuana laws. The answer does not need to be long, but there is some reading to do before. Please note a chapter on gun control and the federal system in Blackboard that may be useful if you decide to write about that. If you choose marihuana laws, use any material you can find on your own, just cite it (you don’t need to go deep, it could be newspaper analyses).