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While it is understood different people and even entire cultures have different parenting styles, your answers should be based on the research and theories presented in this unit. Describe the stage of cognitive development of the child in each scenario. Explain how you would address the child and the situation. Will you use punishment in any of the situations? What tactics would be the most useful considering your child’s level of cognitive development? Scenario 1: At the playground, your 5-year-old daughter shoves another child and takes away the child’s toy. Your daughter then screams at the child and runs away. Scenario 2: You discover that your 13-year-old son has taken $20 from your purse and is planning to use it to purchase vapes (e-cigarettes) at school. The only reason you found out is because your 15-year-old daughter tattled after becoming upset that her brother would not give her half of the loot to serve as hush money. How do you address each child?

New York-based investment bank and financial services firm Lehman Brothers filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. The bankruptcy filing, which remains the largest in American history, had many far-reaching effects on both domestic and foreign economies. The bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers and resulting Credit Crisis of 2008 led to sweeping domestic financial regulatory reform. New legislation, such as the Dodd-Frank bill – coupled with the creation of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau stand as two examples of measures the government took to guard against future disasters in the wake of this historic bankruptcy. Nevertheless, it took years for investor and consumer confidence to reenter the market.

What are some of the factors that affect social mobility? Can these be overcome? •Do you believe the structural-functionalist or the social conflict approach best explains social stratification? Why? •How does the media reflect attitudes on gender as far as depicting women and men in very traditional roles? Provide two detailed examples that substantiate your points—these can be an advertisement, television show, website, or magazine. •When you think of various groups (race, class, and gender) in society, which ones have the most power and which ones have the least?

The science of psychology has steadily been moving more toward a biological basis during the early 20th century but researchers found that it really didn’t explain all the nuances of human behavior. One of the more famous experiments is the Pavlov dog experiment, which described unconditioned and conditioned responses. James Watson went one step further describing behavior from what then emerged as Behaviorism. It was B.F. Skinner that shaped Behaviorism into its current state, through research on operant conditioning. Behaviorism still didn’t provide all the answers; psychology continues to evolve into different areas such as cognitive psychology. •Explain why Pavlov’s experiments in reflexology were an important part in the development of psychology. •Describe behaviorism from Watson’s perspective; then, compare and contrast his viewpoints with operational positivism and the prevailing functionalism. •What are the major similarities and differences between Watson and Skinner’s behaviorism? From your understanding of psychological principles, which of them had a greater influence in the areas of both research and applied psychology? •Psychology seems to have emerged as a science, but with an eclectic view of how to understand behavior. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Is there a difference between the research aspect of psychology and the applied side of psychology in terms of theoretical perspectives?

Think of a university mentoring program that you are currently (or have previously) been a part of. Given what you’ve learnt, what changes would you suggest to this program? Write a recommendation to the mentoring program organiser suggesting your change and outlining the reasons why.