Research Virginia’s administrative regulation relating to the reporting of live births and the issuance of birth certificates

In the United States, a child born outside a legal marriage relationship will lose child support and inheritance rights if the fatherhood of the child is not legally established. The father may voluntarily acknowledge paternity in a legal document filed with a court or may agree to have his name listed as the father on the child’s birth certificate. If the man disputes fatherhood, the mother or the state government may initiate a legal proceeding, known as a paternity action, to adjudicate fatherhood. The common law also established the “marital paternity presumption,” which holds that a child born during a marriage is the offspring of the husband. Therefore, a child born as a result of the wife’s adulterous affair is recognized as a legitimate child of the marriage. This rule recognized that illegitimacy brought social stigma as well as severe economic penalties to a child, including the inability to inherit from the husband of the child’s mother. By establishing a presumption of paternity and therefore legitimacy, the rule promoted family stability and integrity. In late 2011, Washington State passed a marriage equality bill by popular vote of the people. This cleared the pathway from domestic partnership to full state marriage rights for same-sex couples. As same-sex couple cannot biologically procreate, many same-sex couples turn to medical intervention. These interventions range in complexity, but the nature of the intended relationships remains the same: two adults in a committed intimate relationship wishing to be parents together. The statute is clear that all rights and responsibilities of the previously defined marriage of one man and one woman are now bestowed upon all otherwise eligible persons wishing to enter into marriage, including childrearing. This creates a conundrum for the “paternity” presumption.

Research Virginia’s administrative regulation relating to the reporting of live births and the issuance of birth certificates Identify what needs to be changed to accurately record same sex parents Identify statutory or regulatory authority allowing the change Develop an administrative rule change allowing parents of the same sex to be entered on the birth certificate allowing for legal connections to the child

Describe a particular aesthetic difference you may encounter in school-age students.

As a school counselor you are tasked with being available to all students in the school setting. Think about a typical school setting or a school which you attended. What were the groups in the school that were determined by aesthetic characteristics? What aesthetic characteristics determined the group identities? Which group had more power? How did they relate to the other groups? How are stereotypes associated with physical characteristics (such as piercings, body art, tattoos, dark clothing, political statements on clothing) depicted in media? In a 2- to 3-page Journal entry, include the following: Describe a particular aesthetic difference you may encounter in school-age students. Elaborate on your own experiences with school-age children or adults with this physical characteristic. Explain why this aesthetic would be difficult for you in counseling situations and how you would overcome this difficulty.

What is a corporation? In what case did the court determine the rights of corporations? When was it decided?

Introductory) What is a corporation? In what case did the court determine the rights of corporations? When was it decided? 2. (Advanced) What is the definition of legal personhood? What rights do corporations have? What is the value to society? 3. (Advanced) What was the reasoning behind the Supreme Court’s decision? What area of the Constitution applies? How does it apply? 4. (Advanced) What were possible implications if the court had decided otherwise? What could be different and how could things be different – from legal, business, and societal perspectives?

In a decision by Chief Justice John Marshall, the court saved the school from the state of New Hampshire’s hostile takeover. According to Marshall, the court was duty-bound to defend the college’s independence because its corporate charter was protected by the Constitution’s prohibition on state laws “impairing the obligation of contracts.” Dartmouth as an institution—not the teachers, trustees or students, but the corporation itself—had rights the court was obliged to uphold. Although he did not use the exact words, Marshall clearly affirmed the principle that corporations are legal persons. “A corporation,” he explained, “is an artificial being” existing “in contemplation of law” and possessing a certain “individuality.” Its legal existence necessarily entailed its possession of some rights that are also held by “natural persons,” such as a right to hold and transmit property and a right to sue in the courts in defense of its other rights.