Do you agree with the definition of the Middle Ages offered so far?

The Middle Ages are a very dynamic period, and a time of great inventions and political experimentation. In Italy, the Republic of Venice and the Republic of Florence are rising forces. Dante Alighieri, writing in Italian, not Latin, thus propagating and defining the vernacular language. This in itself is a stark departure from the belief in the cosmopolitan Roman ecumene.

The other Florentine write we will be discussing is Niccolò Machiavelli, whose Il Principe was modeled on Cesare Borgia, the son of Pope Alexander VI. He is famous for his political realism and presumed cynicism. Finally, we will end on a utopian note, and include an English perspective.

Thomas More writes his Utopia at a time (1516) when a new continent has been revealed in 1492 (the same year the Reconquista of Spain from the Moors had been completed), which fueled new political imaginations. Only a year later, in 1517, Martin Luther published his “95 Theses” in his call for religious reform. More was executed in 1535 because he did not want to sanction Henry VIII’s claim to be the new head of the Church, after failing to secure a divorce from the Pope. The conflict between the Pope and worldly authorities like the King of England, together with calls for a reform of the church, inaugurate the end of the Middle Ages, and the breakup of the Roman (Catholic) world.

  • At three crucial points of our class, we have seen major figures in politics die for their beliefs; each of these deaths illustrating the spirit of their times – Socrates, Caesar, and More. What unites the three, what separates them?
  • Do you agree with the definition of the Middle Ages offered so far? Where would you see the breaking point between Middle Ages and Early Modernity?

What factors need to be considered when integrating financial risk management into an enterprise risk management framework?

1) What are the main financial risk management issues that Cathy and the rest of the management team at Kilgore need to focus on? What kind of a financial risk management strategy would you create to solve those issues? What are the major opportunities and downside risks with the hedging framework that you suggest?

2) What factors need to be considered when integrating financial risk management into an enterprise risk management framework?

Analyze and evaluate the impact and the consequences of ethical issue on the company’s image and perception of the MNE’s stakeholders.

Many Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) have recently incorporated the ethical dimension in their investment and business model and strategy. Ethics in MNEs is gaining ground and becoming increasingly important, and managers have to strike a delicate balance between value maximization and ethics.

1. Choose one of the companies listed below and describe some of its ethical practices. In this context you need to discuss the main reason behind this behavior and its influence on the achievement of the maximization of shareholders’ wealth.

2. Who are the main stakeholders for this company? Does the company consider the needs of these stakeholders when it formulates the ethical policy? Justify your answer.

3. Analyze and evaluate the impact and the consequences of ethical issue on the company’s image and perception of the MNE’s stakeholders.

4. Based on your above analyses, propose a recommended plan showing how the company can improve its ethical policy explaining feasibility, opportunities and challenges of adopting this plan.