choose 3 musical pioneers of the early XXth century ( between R.Strauss, G.Mahler, A.Schoenberg, I.Stravinsky, Alban Berg ) whose work can also exemplify well the significance of Wagner’s orchestration and approach to leitmotives. Then select 1 or 2 compositions by two of his successors to serve a case studies for explaining how they drew upon Wagner but produced compositional result quite different from Wagner and from each other.